Racism
• Racism is defined as the views, thoughts, or negative beliefs of a social group or its members against any other group based on differences in the face of physical or biological properties such as lineage
• exists on two levels, the level of individual and institutional level.
Prejudice
• prejudice is a negative view of members of other ethnic groups or embedded in the heart of a person or a particular ethnic group. prejudices are not expressed openly.
• This view is usually not based information that is clear, accurate or adequate.
when the prejudice voiced, would be prejudicial stereotypes.
Stereotype
• Stereotype a negative public statement against an ethnic group.
• For example, (1) all the arab muslim (2) the Dutch people are stingy.
Discrimination
• Discrimination is the views, thoughts and negative beliefs by an individual or ethnic group against the other ethnic groups that influence the behavior of the negative opinion.
Segregation
• Segregation is the separation between one ethnic group by another ethnic group in the country.
• For example, the separation in terms of residential areas, school systems, transportation and public facilities.
Accommodation
• Accommodation is the process that causes each ethnic group realize and respects the value of the other ethnic groups and still retain their culture.
• Basic concepts of ethnic relations:
acculturation is a process of acceptance of cultural elements among individuals or groups from other cultures are different things.
Assimilation
• Assimilation is a process of mergers and consolidation among the different ethnic cultures to form a group with the same culture and identity.
• The process of assimilation occurs when there is a close interaction between members of different ethnic cultures for a prolonged period.
Amalgamation
• Amalgamation is a process that occurs when a mixed culture to form a new kind
of culture. The main way in determining the amalgamation process was the occurrence of intermarriage between ethnic groups.
The Constitution in the context of ethnic relations:
• The Constitution is understood as a set of rules or laws governing whether written or unwritten, which determine the organization, divide power between various government bodies and the general principles of how the powers are exercised.
• For a modern country that is sovereign, the constitution is the supreme source of law and everyone must obey.
• Every State requires the constitution to guarantee political stability and governance system of justice more efficient.
• The federal Constitution is the supreme law of our country. Parliament (the legislature), the executive body (including the cabinet and all the other machinery of government) and judicial power to obtain from the constitution.
• Malaysia's constitution contains 15 sections, 183 cases and 13 tables.
In short, Malaysia's constitutional jurisdiction affecting the executive, legislative, judicial, position of the Islamic religion, nationality, language, the special position of Malays, natives of Sabah and Sarawak, and others.
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